1.What is meant by Object Oriented Programming?
OOP is a method of programming in which programs are organized as cooperative collections of
objects. Each object is an instance of a class and each class belong to a hierarchy.
Encapsulation is the process of compartmentalizing the elements of an abstraction that defines
the structure and behavior. Encapsulation helps to separate the contractual interface of an
abstraction and implementation.
3.What is meant by Inheritance?
Inheritance is a relationship among classes, wherein one class shares the structure or behavior
defined in another class. This is called Single Inheritance. If a class shares the structure or
behaviour from multiple classes, then it is called Multiple Inheritance. Inheritance defines “is-a”
hierarchy among classes in which one subclass inherits from one or more generalized
superclasses.
4.What is meant by Polymorphism?
Polymorphism literally means taking more than one form. Polymorphism is a characteristic of
being able to assign a different behavior or value in a subclass, to something that was declared
in a parent class.
5.What is meant by abstraction?
Abstraction defines the essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from all other
kinds of objects. Abstraction provides crisply-defined conceptual boundaries relative to the
perspective of the viewer. It’s the process of focusing on the essential characteristics of an
object. Abstraction is one of the fundamental elements of the object model.
6.What is an Abstract Class?
Abstract class is a class that has no instances. An abstract class is written with the expectation
that its concrete subclasses will add to its structure and behavior, typically by implementing its
abstract operations.
7.What is an Instance?
An instance has state, behavior and identity. The structure and behavior of similar classes are
defined in their common class. An instance is also called as an object.
8.What is an Interface?
Interface is an outside view of a class or object which emphasizes its abstraction while hiding its
structure and secrets of its behaviour.
9.Define Modularity?
Modularity is the property of a system that has been decomposed into a set of cohesive and
loosely coupled modules.
10.How is polymorphism achieved in java?
Inheritance, Overloading and Overriding are used to achieve Polymorphism in java.
11.In Java, How to make an object completely encapsulated?
All the instance variables should be declared as private and public getter and setter methods
should be provided for accessing the instance variables.
12.What are the core OOP’s concepts?
Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism are the core OOP’s concepts.
13.What is a Class?
Class is a template for a set of objects that share a common structure and a common behaviour.
14.What is a base class?
Base class is the most generalized class in a class structure. Most applications have such root
classes. In Java, Object is the base class for all classes.
15.What is a constructor?
Constructor is an operation that creates an object and/or initializes its state.
16.What is a destructor?
Destructor is an operation that frees the state of an object and/or destroys the object itself. In
Java, there is no concept of destructors. It’s taken care by the JVM.
17.What is a subclass?
Subclass is a class that inherits from one or more classes.
18.What is a superclass?
Superclass is a class from which another class inherits.
19.What is an Object?
Object is an instance of a class. It has state, behaviour and identity. It is also called as an
instance of a class.
20.What is collaboration?
Collaboration is a process whereby several objects cooperate to provide some higher level
behavior.
21.What is meant by Binding?
Binding denotes association of a name with a class
22.What is meant by Dynamic binding?
Dynamic binding is a binding in which the class association is not made until the object is
created at execution time. It is also called as late binding.
23.What is meant by Persistence?
Persistence is the property of an object by which its existence transcends space and time.
24.What is meant by static binding?
Static binding is a binding in which the class association is made during compile time. This is
also called as early binding.